1.png)
.png){kind=small}
KARAKTERISASI DAN AKTIVITAS SITOTOKSIK NANOEMULSI VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (nVCO) TERHADAP SEL KANKER USUS BESAR
Abstract
Pendahuluan: Kanker usus besar adalah kanker paling mematikan kedua di dunia. Terapi kanker usus besar konvensional masih menghasilkan berbagai efek samping dan tidak selektif. Pengembangan agen antikanker berbasis nanoemulsi minyak kelapa murni (VCO) merupakan upaya berkelanjutan di bidang penemuan obat kanker. Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi antikanker dari nanoemulsi VCO (nVCO) pada usus besar. Metode: Formulasi nVCO menggunakan tween 80 dan PEG 400 sebagai pengemulsi. Pengujian potensi antioksidan menggunakan metode 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Persentase asam lemak bebas diukur menggunakan titrasi asam-basa. Karakterisasi nVCO didasarkan pada pengujian Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), dan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Uji sitotoksik in vitro dilakukan menggunakan metode Mikrotetrazolium (MTT) terhadap sel kanker usus besar (HT-29) dengan serangkaian konsentrasi, yaitu (12,5; 50; 100; 200; 400) ppm. Hasil: Formula nVCO memenuhi persyaratan nanoemulsi. Kandungan antioksidan nVCO adalah 17,61 ppm. Asam lemak bebas nVCO yang terukur adalah 0,9%. Karakterisasi SEM nVCO memiliki bentuk partikel tidak beraturan. GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa nVCO mengandung asam laurat (4,29%). Aktivitas sitotoksik nVCO terhadap sel kanker kolon (HT-29) memiliki IC50 sebesar 232,97 ppm. Kesimpulan: Studi pendahuluan ini memberikan bukti ilmiah untuk inovasi baru nanoemulsi VCO yang dapat dikembangkan menjadi nutrasetika alami dan aman. Bagaimanapun, masih diperlukan studi lanjut untuk menelusuri mekanisme seluler efek sitotoksik nVCO terhadap sel HT-29.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Sung H, Filho AM, Laversanne M, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2024: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 34 cancers in 186 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2026 Jul 8;76(4). doi:10.3322/caac.70090
Andinata B, Bachtiar A, Oktamianti P, Partahi JR, Dini MSA. A Comparison of Cancer Incidences Between Dharmais Cancer Hospital and GLOBOCAN 2020: A Descriptive Study of Top 10 Cancer Incidences. Indonesian Journal of Cancer. 2023 Jun 21;17(2):119. doi:10.33371/ijoc.v17i2.982
Mahmod AI, Haif SK, Kamal A, Al-ataby IA, Talib WH. Chemoprevention effect of the Mediterranean diet on colorectal cancer: Current studies and future prospects. Frontiers in Nutrition. Frontiers Media S.A.; 2022. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.924192 PubMed PMID: 35990343.
Castro-Espin C, Agudo A. The Role of Diet in Prognosis among Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Dietary Patterns and Diet Interventions. Nutrients. 2022 Jan 1;14(2). doi:10.3390/nu14020348 PubMed PMID: 35057525.
Khan I, Qiu Z, Zhang J, Li R, Yang Z, Zhang W, et al. Virgin coconut oil: A comprehensive review of its health impacts and functional food applications. Food Chemistry: X. Elsevier Ltd; 2026. doi:10.1016/j.fochx.2026.104002
Rao YL, Pai MM, Krishnaprasad PR, Pai M V., Murlimanju B V., Mohan A, et al. Virgin coconut oil – its methods of extraction, properties and clinical usage: a review. Clinica Terapeutica. Societa Editrice Universo; 2024. p. 83–91. doi:10.7417/CT.2024.5037
Saosathan S, Warin A, Duangnin N, Peansub N, Center S, Mai C. Inhibitory Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) on Leukemic Cell Proliferation in Human Promyelocytic Leukemia HL-60 Cells Open Access. Original Article Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Medicine. 2026;65(3):1–12. doi:10.12982/BSCM.2026.36
Ramya V, Shyam KP, Kowsalya E, Balavigneswaran CK, Kadalmani B. Dual Roles of Coconut Oil and Its Major Component Lauric Acid on Redox Nexus: Focus on Cytoprotection and Cancer Cell Death. Front Neurosci. 2022 Mar 11;16. doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.833630 PubMed PMID: 35360165.
Alshahrani SM. Development and optimization of oral nanoemulsion of rutin for enhancing its dissolution rate, permeability, and oral bioavailability. Pharm Dev Technol. 2022;27(5):588–97. doi:10.1080/10837450.2022.2090957 PubMed PMID: 35703396.
Lee Y, Lee D, Park E, Jang S young, Cheon SY, Han S, et al. Rhamnolipid-coated W/O/W double emulsion nanoparticles for efficient delivery of doxorubicin/erlotinib and combination chemotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology. 2021 Dec 1;19(1). doi:10.1186/s12951-021-01160-4 PubMed PMID: 34876140.
Alkhatib MH, Alyamani SA, Abdu F. Incorporation of methotrexate into coconut oil nanoemulsion potentiates its antiproliferation activity and attenuates its oxidative stress. Drug Deliv. 2020 Jan 1;27(1):422–30. doi:10.1080/10717544.2020.1736209 PubMed PMID: 32133872.
Dhaval M, Vaghela P, Patel K, Sojitra K, Patel M, Patel S, et al. Lipid-based emulsion drug delivery systems — a comprehensive review. Drug Delivery and Translational Research. Springer; 2022. p. 1616–39. doi:10.1007/s13346-021-01071-9 PubMed PMID: 34609731.
Lasanudin RI, Bachri MS, Wahyuningsih I, Efiana NA. Nanoemulsion Formulation Combination of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) and Candlenut Oil (Alleurites mollucanus) for Hair Growth in Male White Rats (Rattus novergicus). Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia. 2024 Jun 30;21(1):59–67. doi:10.23917/pharmacon.v21i1.4348
Widianingrum DC, Khasanah H, Purnamasari L, Krismaputri ME, Hwang SG. Antimicrobial activities of nano-emulsion of virgin coconut oil. Vet Med (Praha). 2023;68(1):27–32. doi:10.17221/57/2022-VETMED
Rouaz K, Chiclana-Rodríguez B, Nardi-Ricart A, Suñé-Pou M, Mercadé-Frutos D, Suñé-Negre JM, et al. Excipients in the paediatric population: A review. Pharmaceutics. MDPI AG; 2021. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13030387 PubMed PMID: 33805830.
Belayneh A, Tadese E, Molla F. Safety and biopharmaceutical challenges of excipients in off-label pediatric formulations. International Journal of General Medicine. Dove Medical Press Ltd; 2020. p. 1051–66. doi:10.2147/IJGM.S280330
Olasehinde OR, Afolabi OB, Owolabi OV, Akawa AB, Omiyale OB. GC–MS analysis of phytochemical constituents of methanolic fraction of Annona muricata leaf and its inhibition against two key enzymes linked to type II diabetes. Sci Afr. 2022 Jul 1;16. doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01178
Amit, Kumari S, Jamwal R. Use of FTIR spectroscopy integrated with multivariate chemometrics as a swift, and non-destructive technique to detect various adulterants in virgin coconut oil: A comprehensive review. Food Chemistry Advances. Elsevier Ltd; 2023. doi:10.1016/j.focha.2023.100203
Yefrida, Dwi Harsita W, Refilda. Determination of Flavonoids, Phenolic and Total Antioxidant Content from the Leaves, Stems and Roots of Betel Plants. Jurnal Kimia Unand. 2025 Dec 3;14(2):25–31. doi:10.25077/jku.14.2.25-31.2025
Musyimi S, Njoroge D, Onyango A, Sila D. Characterization Of Coconut Oil (Cocos Nucifera L.) From Commonly Cultivated Kenyan Varieties Extracted by Different Methods. Journal of the Kenya National Commission for UNESCO. 2024 Jan 15. doi:10.62049/jkncu.v4i1.62
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33085/jdf.v10i3.7033
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Sponsored/Supported by:
Contact Person:
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut Kesehatan Helvetia
Hp: +6287784286161. Tel: (061) 42084606