ACUTE TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF SACHA INCHI (Plukenetia volubilis L.) OIL THROUGH THE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST AND IN SILICO PREDICTION

Abstract

Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) is recognized as a valuable source of essential fatty acids with considerable potential as a functional food ingredient. Its richness in polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as α-linolenic and linoleic acids, underscores its nutritional significance in supporting metabolic and cardiovascular health. Nevertheless, the presence of bioactive compounds including saponins and alkaloids, along with its susceptibility to oxidation, raises safety concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the yield, stability, and acute toxicity profile of sacha inchi oil extracted using different methods, while contributing insights to the development of safe and high-quality products. Oil was extracted through hydraulic pressing and Soxhlet extraction. Yield was measured gravimetrically, while acute toxicity was assessed using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). In silico analysis was conducted to predict the potential toxicity of dominant compounds, including polyunsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols. The results revealed that Soxhlet extraction produced a higher yield (47.39%) compared to hydraulic pressing (32.43%). Toxicity tests showed LC₅₀ values of 15.249 mg/mL and 18.532 mg/mL, both well above the toxicity threshold, thereby classifying the oils as safe. In silico predictions corroborated these findings, indicating low toxicity levels in the main constituents. In conclusion, this study confirms that sacha inchi oil is safe in terms of acute in functional food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications.